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          Android刷机
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            <div class="post-description">rom 有很多种存在形式， 有线刷包，卡刷包， 还有system.img, 不同版本的系统，需要的fastboot也不一样，这里记录遇到的一些坑，后面根据学习进展再持续补充。</div>

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        <h2 id="编译完后的rom-文件"><a href="#编译完后的rom-文件" class="headerlink" title="编译完后的rom 文件"></a>编译完后的rom 文件</h2><pre><code>system.img, ramdisk.img, userdata.img, boot.img, recovery.img</code></pre><h2 id="刷机"><a href="#刷机" class="headerlink" title="刷机"></a>刷机</h2><p><a href="https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/19635679" target="_blank" rel="noopener">刷机原理，引用自知乎</a></p>
<p>刷机的基础知识： </p>
<pre><code>手机的软件大概分成几个部分：Radio（基带）,Bootloader（引导模式）,Recovery（恢复模式）,以及我们日常用的系统。刷机,可能只刷系统，也可能全部都刷。

ADB/fastboot：Google 做的一套用来在电脑上通过 USB 线来调试手机的程序,用这个程序,我们可以（主要是在命令行界面敲 adb/fastboot 命令，也有一些人制作图形界面）调试、控制手机。「线刷」用的就是这个。

Bootloader 模式（Fastboot 模式、引导模式）：关机状态下长按音量下+电源就可以进入，大概是图 1 的样子这个时候按音量键可以上下选择，Start - 正常开机、Recovery mode - 进入恢复模式、Restart bootloader - 重启引导模式、Power off - 关机，按电源键确认。这个模式下把手机连到电脑上就可以用命令调试。注意最下面的「LOCK STATE」，表示你的 bootloader 是否已经解锁。

Recovery 模式（恢复模式）：相当于一个小型系统，可以用来把手机里的「刷机包」（也就是一个压缩包）刷到手机里，「卡刷」用的就是这个</code></pre><h2 id="替换launcher"><a href="#替换launcher" class="headerlink" title="替换launcher"></a>替换launcher</h2><ol>
<li><p><a href="https://www.cnblogs.com/l2rf/p/4229157.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">修改system.img</a></p>
<blockquote>
<p>生成oat文件 </p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p>dex2oat –runtime-arg -Xms64m –runtime-arg -Xmx512m –dex-file=/data/local/tmp/Launcher3.dex –dex-location=<del>/aosp/aosp_build/Launcher3.apk –oat-file=</del>/aosp/aosp_build/Launcher3.odex –android-root=/system –instruction-set=armv8a –instruction-set-variant=armv8a –instruction-set-features=default –include-patch-information –runtime-arg -Xnorelocate –no-generate-debug-info –abort-on-hard-verifier-error</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ol>
<p>没有成功, launcher 需要系统签名，系统可设置安装的时候动态编译oat</p>
<ol start="2">
<li><p>直接下载现成的launcher<br> 下载小米的launcher 可以安装成功， 但是不能启动， 猜测是小米的launcher对自身的系统作了校验 </p>
</li>
<li><p>替换自己开发的app, 可以替换成功</p>
</li>
</ol>
<h2 id="生成系统函数签名"><a href="#生成系统函数签名" class="headerlink" title="生成系统函数签名"></a>生成系统函数签名</h2><p><a href="https://www.jianshu.com/p/63d699cffa1a" target="_blank" rel="noopener">生成系统函数签名</a></p>
<p><a href="https://blog.csdn.net/csh86277516/article/details/73549824" target="_blank" rel="noopener">android 系统签名</a></p>
<pre><code>找到平台签名文件“platform.pk8”和“platform.x509.pem”

文件位置 android/build/target/product/security/

签名工具“signapk.jar”

位置：android/prebuilts/sdk/tools/lib

签名证书“platform.pk8 ”“platform.x509.pem ”，签名工具“signapk.jar ”放置在同一个文件夹；
执行命令

java -jar signapk.jar platform.x509.pem platform.pk8 Demo.apk signedDemo.apk

或者直接在Ubuntu 编译环境执行
java -jar out/host/linux-x86/framework/signapk.jar build/target/product/security/platform.x509.pem build/target/product/security/platform.pk8 input.apk output.apk

生成平台platform.keystore文件：

编译平台签名文件“platform.pk8”和“platform.x509.pem”

文件位置：android/build/target/product/security/


把pkcs8格式的私钥转化成pkcs12格式：

openssl pkcs8 -in platform.pk8 -inform DER -outform PEM -out shared.priv.pem -nocrypt


把x509.pem公钥转换成pkcs12格式：

openssl pkcs12 -export -in platform.x509.pem -inkey     shared.priv.pem -out shared.pk12 -name androiddebugkey
alias: androiddebugkey 密码都是：android


生成platform.keystore

keytool -importkeystore -deststorepass android -destkeypass android -destkeystore platform.keystore -srckeystore shared.pk12 -srcstoretype PKCS12 -srcstorepass android -alias androiddebugkey</code></pre><h2 id="调用系统权限验证"><a href="#调用系统权限验证" class="headerlink" title="调用系统权限验证"></a>调用系统权限验证</h2><p><a href="http://www.itboth.com/d/m6Bjae/android" target="_blank" rel="noopener">控制GPS 开关</a></p>
<pre><code>1. 添加权限
&lt;uses-permission android:name=&quot;android.permission.WRITE_SECURE_SETTINGS&quot; /&gt;
2. 在AndroidManifest.xml设置android:sharedUserId=&quot;android.uid.system&quot;
3. 使用上述生成的系统签名
4. 控制gps
Settings.Secure.setLocationProviderEnabled(contentResolver, LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER, true)
5. 直接生成release应用安装， 测试可成功控制gps</code></pre><h2 id="遇到问题"><a href="#遇到问题" class="headerlink" title="遇到问题"></a>遇到问题</h2><ol>
<li>fastboot device</li>
</ol>
<p>no permissions (user in plugdev group; are your udev rules wrong?); see [<a href="http://developer.android.com/tools/device.html]" target="_blank" rel="noopener">http://developer.android.com/tools/device.html]</a>    fastboot</p>
<p><a href="https://cxuef.github.io/android/Nexus-5X-%E5%88%B7%E5%85%A5Android-N-Preview%E5%8A%A8%E6%89%8B%E5%AE%9E%E8%B7%B5/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">解决办法, 修改.rules文件</a></p>
<pre><code>- 设置usb权限
- sudo vim /etc/udev/rules.d/99-vmware-scsi-udev.rules</code></pre><h2 id="定制rom"><a href="#定制rom" class="headerlink" title="定制rom"></a>定制rom</h2><ol>
<li><p>如何定制其他机型的rom</p>
<p> 组装驱动, 真得可以安装成功吗?<br> 编译原码要选哪一个平台呢?</p>
</li>
<li><p>wifi, 蓝牙, 通话, 短信功能会不会受到影响</p>
</li>
<li><p>Lineageos 和 mokee</p>
<p> 又一次的刷新了新的知识面, 关于刷机, 还是懂得太少啊.<br> 这一下子又打开了一扇门, 是可以学习的方向<br> 清华的, 网络的开源组织们, 果然高人都很多, 也仅需要那几个高人就可以维护一个第三方的rom版本<br> 为何我动起了歪心思? 打起黑产的主意, 良心的拷问</p>
</li>
<li><p>magisk 与 xposed都与rom 有关, 是需要开发者相互支持的</p>
</li>
<li><p>如何去自己定制vendor 中的文件呢? </p>
</li>
<li><p>一个系统, 都包括了哪些东西</p>
</li>
</ol>
<h2 id="linux-刷机"><a href="#linux-刷机" class="headerlink" title="linux 刷机"></a>linux 刷机</h2><p>所谓的刷机工具也是用了脚本而已, 所以可以直接运行脚本即可.</p>
<p>解锁oem</p>
<pre><code>fastboot oem nubia_unlock NUBIA_NX589J</code></pre><h3 id="遇到问题-1"><a href="#遇到问题-1" class="headerlink" title="遇到问题:"></a>遇到问题:</h3><ol>
<li>不能识别</li>
</ol>
<p>重新添加一下/etc/udev/rules.d/<code>***.rules</code> 和adb.ini 就好了<br><a href="https://rachpt.cn/2018/07/06/adb-linux-and-mi8/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">mi8-adb-linux</a></p>
<p>rules.d 文件重新生效命令</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">sudo service udev reload</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<ol start="2">
<li>ubuntu 上进入fastboot 就会重启</li>
</ol>
<p>重启adb</p>
<p>按说目前的adb, fastboot都是最新的</p>
<ol start="3">
<li><p>刷recovery失败， fastboot Failed remote no such partition</p>
<p> 先使用 fastboot getvar current-slot 得到一个字符<br> 然后 fastboot boot_字符 recovery.img<br> 就可以将recovery刷进去了</p>
</li>
<li><p>FFDM 模式的退出</p>
</li>
</ol>
<p><a href="https://www.cnblogs.com/we-hjb/p/9769467.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">使用QFIL</a> </p>
<p><a href="https://www.cnblogs.com/we-hjb/archive/2018/10/13/9784659.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">高通方案的几种开机模式</a></p>
<p>总算有了突破， 进入了ffbm模式后， 一直进入不了fastboot 模式了， 网上有一个说的是先感受到震动， 松开power键， 看到画面， 再松开音量键<br>但是我遇到的情况是, 震动和画面一起的， 突然间发现， 在震动之前， 还有一个lte灯闪，这个时候，松开power键， 看到画面再松开音量键， 就成功进入了fastboot模式。 </p>
<h3 id="OnePlus-6T-fajita-刷机"><a href="#OnePlus-6T-fajita-刷机" class="headerlink" title="OnePlus 6T fajita 刷机"></a>OnePlus 6T fajita 刷机</h3><p>刷入twrp 的recovery 导至wifi模块有问题， 但是官方的镜像是没有问题的，因此推断是内核有问题。</p>
<p>还好twrp的recovery提供了刷入内核的功能， 那么直接将官言的OTA升级包解压出boot.img， 重新刷入内核即可。</p>
<p>官言的ota 包解压出来是payload.bin, 需要使用工具<a href="https://github.com/vm03/payload_dumper" target="_blank" rel="noopener">payload_dumper</a>来解压出boot.img</p>
<h3 id="小米手机usb安装免登陆打开"><a href="#小米手机usb安装免登陆打开" class="headerlink" title="小米手机usb安装免登陆打开"></a>小米手机usb安装免登陆打开</h3><p><a href="https://www.leadroyal.cn/?p=1189" target="_blank" rel="noopener">使用root跳过小米USB安装应用确认</a></p>
<p>编辑 <code>/data/data/com.miui.securitycenter/shared_prefs/remote_provider_preferences.xml</code></p>
<figure class="highlight xml"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">boolean</span> <span class="attr">name</span>=<span class="string">"security_adb_install_enable"</span> <span class="attr">value</span>=<span class="string">"true"</span> /&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">boolean</span> <span class="attr">name</span>=<span class="string">"permcenter_install_intercept_enabled"</span> <span class="attr">value</span>=<span class="string">"false"</span> /&gt;</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<figure class="highlight sh"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">setprop presist.security.adbinput 1</span><br><span class="line">setprop presist.fastboot.enable 1</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h2 id="参考资源"><a href="#参考资源" class="headerlink" title="参考资源"></a>参考资源</h2><p><a href="https://www.jianshu.com/p/9605f895d153" target="_blank" rel="noopener">源码编译, 模块编译，sdk 编译</a></p>
<p><a href="https://www.jianshu.com/p/afc3f1e3515b" target="_blank" rel="noopener">rom刷机</a></p>
<p><a href="https://www.intellectsoft.net/blog/build-and-run-android-from-aosp-source-code-to-a-nexus-7/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">android 9.0 刷机</a></p>

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